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God is our refuge and our strength,
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When the whole universe seems to be falling apart, this vision a refuge and paradise gives hope and strengthens faith. Jerusalem, as often in both the Old and New Testaments, is a source of images of God's presence. This version skillfully draws out the contrasts between the raging sea and the "gently flowing Siloam", and between the quaking mountains and the stable walls of the Garden of God. The vision of God's sovereignty thus corrects the perception of evil rampant.
This application is in some ways in sharp contrast to
Luther's version, which speaks so vigorously of
personal faith under the threat of personal harm. Here the evil is not
directly threatening. And yet it is still blatant and widespread. To
show no concern for the violence and oppression that offlicts so many
others, so long as it does not affect ourselves, is not faith but
selfishness. This hymn repeats God's message is to the unruly nations:
"Cease and desist! I am still in control!" Verses 8 and 9 of the psalm,
omitted here, make the context clearer: this is no despairing call for
help: this is a
;
Christopher Tye (1508-1572) was a musician in the royal chapel under the ardent reformer Edward VI, the catholic tyrant Mary, and the reformer Elizabeth. He ardently supported the Anglican reforms (at least when it was safe to do so). He has been called the "father of the anthem" for his work in establishing the model for that part of the Anglican service. In this context, his extraordinary book may not seem so strange: The Actes of the Apostles, translated into Englyshe Metre ... with notes to each Chapter ...". These verses could be sung in private; where they provided a non-violent, non-prurient alternative to the popular song texts of the day (observers of popular songs in many periods will sympathise); or they could, like the Anglican anthem, serve as a setting for public reading of the Bible. The metrical form allowed a group to "read" together; the musical setting caused each singer to focus their voice for greater carrying power; the very practical result was that a text could be "read" to a large group in poor acoustical conditions without electronic amplification. (Similar considerations may have driven the development of Gregorian chant as a choral medium.)
The verses have disappeared, and the accompanying double-length tunes were too long for easy congregational use, but several truncated forms remain in wide use. "Dundee", was included among the twelve "common tunes" for the Scottish Psalter. This was abridged for Este's Psalter of 1592. In our hymnals it is used for In memory of the Savior's love.
This splendid song of faith in God's sovereignty amid political turmoil may not strike an immediate chord for Americans living in one of the world's most stable political systems, and in a generation where worldwide political boundaries have been more stable than in any other time in history: at least theoretically limiting the effects of internecine wars. But for much of the world, internal conflicts are sufficient to provide either memories or threats of complete social breakdown. When all one can see all around is the evil struggling with the worst for power, it is hard to imagine "good" and "rule" in the same universe. But it is precisely in such situations that God offered visions of His city to His people through Isaiah, Ezekiel, and John.
Whether we revel in such visions or reject them utterly, we completely misunderstand them when we suppose that they are materialistically literal descriptions of any future place -- whether on earth or in heaven. The visions are given to people who needed to understand their own present experience in the context of "those things which cannot be shaken." Some of our hymnal editors have rigorously excluded songs which contained perfectly scriptural expressions such as the fifth stanza, apparently having been terrified of incipient chilaism. To be consistent, they should have first removed them from the Bible. The other alternative is first to understand these Biblical ideas, then to proclaim them in song.
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Copyright © 2002,2003,2004, Stephen Hutcheson
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| These studies are created by members of the West Allen Church of Christ in Allen, Texas |